Environmentální stopy jako indikátory udržitelnosti. Kde se vzaly a co vlastně znamenají?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35933/ENTECHO.2021.004Klíčová slova:
Environmentální stopy, ekologická stopa, uhlíková stopa, vodní stopa, environmentální indikátoryAbstrakt
Se vzrůstající závažností současných environmentálních problémů roste poptávka po nástrojích, jak měřit a zobrazovat faktory, které tyto problémy způsobují. Často využívaným způsobem prezentace vlivu člověka na životní prostředí jsou indikátory environmentální stopy. Ačkoliv se slovo „stopa“ běžně využívá i v každodenním diskursu v populárních médiích, málokdy je zcela jasné, co za tímto pojmem stojí. Od devadesátých let minulého století bylo představeno mnoho studií environmentálních stop vyznačujících se často velmi odlišnými metodami a cíli. Rozdílné definice stopy jako indikátoru a různé přístupy k jejich kvantifikaci a využívání vedou ke stavu, kdy se pod stejným jménem prezentují velmi odlišné indikátory a často protichůdné závěry a doporučení. Nepochopení základních principů a metod na nichž jsou tyto studie postaveny může vést na jedné straně k nekritickému přijímání všech výsledků, na straně druhé k naprostému odmítání celého konceptu. Cílem tohoto článku je představit vývoj a základní principy u nejvýznamnějších environmentálních stop – ekologické stopy, uhlíkové stopy, vodní stopy, stopy na krajinu, materiálové stopy a dalších), a uvést základní body sporů a debat ohledně charakteru environmentálních stop a nastínit tak možnosti jejich budoucího vývoje.
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